Food Research Institute: CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) references

QUESTIONS??? for information on CLA contact Dr. Michael W. Pariza [ mwpariza@facstaff.wisc.edu ]

References on Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
updated 23 Oct 2006

year of publication:
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | prior to 2000 |

2002
Analytical Methods	for detection of CLA and its isomers
Effect of Diet	and other conditions on CLA levels in animals and animal products
Food, CLA content
General Articles and Reviews	If review articles can fit into one other category, e.g. Food, then they are put into that category; if they cover material that would be in more than one category, then they will be here in "General"
Physiological Effects of CLA (includes fat/protein levels, anticarcinogenic effects, etc.):	in Human Studies; in Laboratory Animals, Companion Animals (pets); in Food/Farm Animals (ruminants, swine, poultry, fish); in Cell Cultures, In Vitro Studies
Synthesis of CLA	in vitro, microbial, plant

2002

Analytical Methods return to top

Adlof RO, Menzel A, Dorovska-Taran V. Analysis of conjugated linoleic acid-enriched triacylglycerol mixtures by isocratic silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 953(1–2):293–297 (2002).
Angioni E, Lercker G, Frega NG, Carta G, Melis MP, Murru E, Spada S, Banni S. UV spectral properties of lipids as a tool for their identification. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 104:59–64 (2002).
Brondz I. Development of fatty acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and related techniques. Anal. Chimica Acta 465(1–2):1–37 (2002).
Cross RF, Zackari H. Ag+-HPLC of conjugated linoleic acids on a silica-based stationary phase. Part III: Model compounds. J. Separation Sci. 25(14):897–903 (2002).
Cross RF, Widman HA. Ag+-HPLC of conjugated linoleic acids on a silica-based stationary phase. Part I: Introduction, experimental, and retention patterns. J. Separation Sci. 25:239-244 (2002).
Cross RF, Widman HA. Ag+-HPLC of conjugated linoleic acids on a silica-based stationary phase. Part II: Resolution and extrapolations. J. Separation Sci. 25:245-251 (2002).
Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J. HPLC separation of some unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Chemia Analityczna (Warsaw) 47(6):867–882 (2002).
Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J, Niedzwiedzka KM, Wasowska I. A highly efficient method for derivatization of fatty acids for high performance liquid chromatography. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 11(3):517–526 (2002 ).
Juaneda P. Utilisation of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography as an alternative to silver-ion chromatography for the separation of cis- and trans-C18 : 1 fatty acid isomers. J. Chromatogr. A 954(1–2):285–289 (2002).
Jung MY, Jung MO. Identification of conjugated linoleic acids in hydrogenated soybean oil by silver ion-impregnated HPLC and gas chromatography-ion impacted mass spectrometry of their 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50(21):6188–6193 (2002).
Kramer JKG, Blackadar CB, Zhou JQ. Evaluation of two GC columns (60-m SUPELCOWAX 10 and 100-m CP sil 88) for analysis of milkfat with emphasis on CLA, 18 : 1, 18 : 2 and 18 : 3 isomers, and short- and long-chain FA. Lipids 37(8):823–835 (2002).
Ma DWL, Field CJ, Clandinin MT. Countercurrent approach to the enrichment of Delta 9c, 11t- and Delta 10t,12c-18 : 2 isomers by urea complexation. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 79(8):755–758 (2002).
Nagao T, Shimada Y, Yamauchi-Sato Y, Yamamoto T, Kasai M, Tsutsumi K, Sugihara A, Tominaga Y. Fractionation and enrichment of CLA isomers by selective esterification with Candida rugosa lipase. J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc. 79:303–308 (2002).
Nikolova-Damyanova B, Momchilova S. Silver ion HPLC for the analysis of positionally isomeric fatty acids. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Related Technol. 25(13–15):1947–1965 (2002).
Ohman M, Wan H, Hamberg M, Blomberg LG. Separation of conjugated linoleic acid isomers and parinaric fatty acid isomers by capillary electrophoresis. J. Separation Sci. 25(8):499–506 (2002).
Park SJ, Park CW, Kim SJ, Kim JK, Kim YR, Park KA, Kim JO, Ha YL. Methylation methods for the quantitative analysis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in various lipid samples. J. Agr. Food Chem. 50:989–996 (2002).
Roach JAG, Mossoba MM, Yurawecz MP, Kramer JKG. Chromatographic separation and identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Anal. Chimica Acta 465(1–2):207–226 (2002).
Rosenfeld JM. Application of analytical derivatizations to the quantitative and qualitative determination of fatty acids. Anal. Chimica Acta 465(1–2):93–100 (2002).
Seppanen-Laakso T, Laakso I, Hiltunen R. Analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography, and its relevance to research on health and nutrition. Anal. Chimica Acta 465(1–2):39–62 (2002).

Effects of Diet and Other Conditions on CLA in Animals and Animal Products return to top

Abu-Ghazaleh AA, Schingoethe DJ, Hippen AR, Whitlock LA. Feeding fish meal and extruded soybeans enhances the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 85:624–631 (2002).
AbuGhazaleh AA, Schingoethe DJ, Hippen AR, Kalscheur KF, Whitlock LA. Fatty acid profiles of milk and rumen digesta from cows fed fish oil, extruded soybeans or their blend. J. Dairy Sci. 85(9):2266–2276 (2002).
Agenas S, Holtenius K, Griinari M, Burstedt E. Effects of turnout to pasture and dietary fat supplementation on milk fat composition and conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows. Acta Agr. Scand. Sec. A Anim. Sci. 52(1):25–33 (2002).
Beaulieu AD, Drackley JK, Merchen NR. Concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid) are not increased in tissue lipids of cattle fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with soybean oil. J. Anim. Sci. 80:847–861 (2002).
Bolte MR, Hess BW, Means WJ, Moss GE, Rule DC. Feeding lambs high-oleate or high-linoleate safflower seeds differentially influences carcass fatty acid composition. J. Anim. Sci. 80:609–616 (2002).
Chilliard Y, Ferlay A, Doreau M. Dietary control of milk fat nutritional quality in the dairy cow: trans, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and conjugated linoleic acid. [French] Productions Animales 14(5):323–335 (2001).
Collomb M, Butikofer U, Sieber R, Jeangros B, Bosset JO. Composition of fatty acids in cow's milk fat produced in the lowlands, mountains and highlands of Switzerland using high-resolution gas chromatography. Internat. Dairy J. 12(8):649–659 (2002).
Corl BA, Baumgard LH, Griinari JM, Delmonte P, Morehouse KM, Yuraweczc MP, Bauman DE. Trans-7,cis-9 CLA is synthesized endogenously by triangle(9)-desaturase in dairy cows. Lipids 37(7):681–688 (2002).
Duckett SK, Andrae JG, Owens FN. Effect of high-oil corn or added corn oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid formation in beef steers fed finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 80(12):3353–3360 (2002).
Laborde FL, Mandell IB, Tosh JJ, Buchanan-Smith JG, Wilton JW. Effect of management strategy on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, and palatability attributes in crossbred steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82:49–57 (2002).
Lock AL, Garnsworthy PC. Independent effects of dietary linoleic and linolenic fatty acids on the conjugated linoleic acid content of cows' milk. Anim. Sci. 74:163–176 Part 1 (2002).
Lock AL, Garnsworthy PC. Seasonal variation in milk conjugated linoleic acid and D9-desaturase activity in dairy cows. Livestock Production Sci. 79(1):47–59 (2002).
Loor JJ, Bandara AB, Herbein JH. Characterization of 18:1 and 18:2 isomers produced during microbial biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids from canola and soya bean oil in the rumen of lactating cows. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.) 86(11–12):422–432 (2002).
Loor JJ, Herbein JH, Polan CE. Trans18 : 1 and 18 : 2 isomers in blood plasma and milk fat of grazing cows fed a grain supplement containing solvent-extracted or mechanically extracted soybean meal. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1197–1207 (2002).
Loor JJ, Herbein JH, Jenkins TC. Nutrient digestion, biohydrogenation, and fatty acid profiles in blood plasma and milk fat from lactating Holstein cows fed canola oil or canolamide. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 97: 65–82 (2002).
Loor JJ, Quinlan LE, Bandara ABPA, Herbein JH. Distribution of trans-vaccenic acid and cis9,trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (rumenic acid) in blood plasma lipid fractions and secretion in milk fat of Jersey cows fed canola or soybean oil. Anim. Res. 51(2):119–134 (2002).
Madron MS, Peterson DG, Dwyer DA, Corl BA, Baumgard LH, Beermann DH, Bauman DE. Effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on conjugated linoleic acid content of intramuscular, intermuscular, and subcutaneous fat in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1135–1143 (2002).
Mir PS, Mir Z, Kuber PS, Gaskins CT, Martin EL, Dodson MV, Calles JAE, Johnson KA, Busboom JR, Wood AJ, Pittenger GJ, Reeves JJ. Growth, carcass characteristics, muscle conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, and response to intravenous glucose challenge in high percentage Wagyu, Wagyu x Limousin, and Limousin steers fed sunflower oil-containing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 80(11):2996–3004 (2002).
Mozzon M, Frega NG, Fronte B, Tocchini M. Effect of dietary fish oil supplements on levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans acids and conjugated linoleic acid in ewe milk. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 40(3):213–219 (2002).
Petit HV. Digestion, milk production, milk composition, and blood composition of dairy cows fed whole flaxseed. J. Dairy Sci. 85(6):1482–1490 (2002).
Petit HV, Dewhurst RJ, Scollan ND, Proulx JG, Khalid M, Haresign W, Twagiramungu H, Mann GE. Milk production and composition, ovarian function, and prostaglandin secretion of dairy cows fed omega-3 fats. J. Dairy Sci. 85:889–899 (2002).
Piperova LS, Sampugna J, Teter BB, Kalscheur KF, Yurawecz MP, Ku Y, Morehouse KM, Erdman RA. Duodenal and milk trans octadecenoic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers indicate that postabsorptive synthesis is the predominant source of cis-9-containing CLA in lactating dairy cows. J. Nutr. 132:1235–1241 (2002).
Precht D, Hagemeister H, Kanitz W, Voigt J. Trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in milk fat from dairy cows fed a rumen-protected linoleic acid rich diet. Kieler Milchwirtschaftliche Forschungsberichte 54(3):225–242 (2002).
Prokopyuk T, Matthes HD, Pastushenko V, Braunig I. Investigation of the leukocyte number from ecological managed cattle. Arch. Lebensmittlehyg. 53(1):18–20 (2002).
Reklewska B, Oprzadek A, Reklewski Z, Panicke L, Kuczynska B, Oprzadek J. Alternative for modifying the fatty acid composition and decreasing the cholesterol level in the milk of cows. Livestock Production Sci. 76(3):235–243(2002).
Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJB, Santos-Silva F. Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livestock Production Sci. 77(2–3):187–194 (2002).
Wachira AM, Sinclair LA, Wilkinson RG, Enser M, Wood JD, Fisher AV. Effects of dietary fat source and breed on the carcass composition, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of sheep meat and adipose tissue. Brit. J. Nutr. 88(6):697–709 (2002).
Ward AT, Wittenberg KM, Przybylski R. Bovine milk fatty acid profiles produced by feeding diets containing solin, flax and canola. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1191–1196 (2002).
Weill P, Schmitt B, Chesneau G, Daniel N, Safraou F, Legrand P. Effects of introducing linseed in livestock diet on blood fatty acid composition of consumers of animal products. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 46(5):182–191 (2002).
Whitlock LA, Schingoethe DJ, Hippen AR, Kalscheur KF, Baer RJ, Ramaswamy N, Kasperson KM. Fish oil and extruded soybeans fed in combination increase conjugated linoleic acids in milk of dairy cows more than when fed separately. J. Dairy Sci. 85:234–243 (2002).

Food, CLA levels in return to top

Boylston TD, Beitz DC. Conjugated linoleic acid and fatty acid composition of yogurt produced from milk of cows fed soy oil and conjugated linoleic acid. J. Food Sci. 67(5):1973–1978 (2002).
Cordain L, Watkins BA, Florant GL, Kelher M, Rogers L, Li Y. Fatty acid analysis of wild ruminant tissues: evolutionary implications for reducing diet-related chronic disease. [Review.] Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 56:181–191 (2002).
Dave RI, Ramaswamy N, Baer RJ. Changes in fatty acid composition during yogurt processing and their effects on yogurt and probiotic bacteria in milk procured from cows fed different diets. Australian J. Dairy Technol. 57(3):197–202 (2002).
Hillbrick G, Augustin MA. Milkfat characteristics and functionality: opportunities for improvement. Australian J. Dairy Technol. 57(1):45–51 (2002).
Innocente N, Praturlon D, Corradini C. Fatty acid profile of cheese produced with milk from cows grazing on mountain pastures. Italian J. Food Sci. 14(3):217–224 (2002).
Jahreis G, Kraft J. Sources of conjugated linoleic acid in the human diet. Lipid Technol. 14:29–32 (2002).
Jensen RG. The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. J. Dairy Sci. 85: 295–350 (2002).
Kim YJ, Liu RH. Increase of conjugated linoleic acid content in milk by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria. J. Food Sci. 67(5):1731–1737 (2002).
Li D, Mansor M, Zhuo SR, Woon T, Anthony MA, Sinclair AJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of canned meats available in Australia. Food Australia 54(7):311–315 (2002).
Nuernberg K, Nuernberg G, Ender K, Lorenz S, Winkler K, Rickert R, Steinhart H. N-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids of longissimus muscle in beef cattle. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 104(8):463–471 (2002).
Paterson LJ, Weselake RJ, Mir PS, Mir Z. Positional distribution of CLA in TAG of lamb tissues. Lipids 37(6):605–611 (2002).
Peterson DG, Kelsey JA, Bauman DE. Analysis of variation in cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk fat of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(9):2164–2172 (2002).
Rule DC, Broughton KS, Shellito SM, Maiorano G. Comparison of muscle fatty acid profiles and cholesterol concentrations of bison, beef cattle, elk, and chicken. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1202–1211 (2002).
Zlatanos S, Laskaridis K, Feist C, Sagredos A. CLA content and fatty acid composition of Greek Feta and hard cheeses. Food Chem. 78(4):471–477 (2002).

General Articles and Reviews return to top

Banni S. Conjugated linoleic acid metabolism. [Review] Current Opinions Lipidology 13(3):261–266 (2002).
Banni S, Murru E, Angioni E, Carta G, Melis MP. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA): good for everything? Sci. Aliment. 22(4):371–380 (2002).
Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R, Beitz DC. Colonic anti-inflammatory mechanisms of conjugated linoleic acid. Clin. Nutr. 21(6):451–459 (2002).
Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R, Wannemuehler MJ. Nutritional impact of conjugated linoleic acid: A model functional food ingredient. In Vitro Cell Devel. Biol. Plants 38(3):241–246 (2002).
Belury MA. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by conjugated linoleic acid: Potential mechanisms of action. J. Nutr. 132(10):2995–2998 (2002).
Belury MA. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid in health: Physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 22:505–531 (2002).
Calder PC, Yaqoob P, Thies F, Wallace FA, Miles EA. Fatty acids and lymphocyte functions. Brit. J. Nutr. 87:S31–S48 Suppl. (2002).
Carta G, Angioni E, Murru E, Melis MP, Spada S, Banni S. Modulation of lipid metabolism and vitamin A by conjugated linoleic acid. Prostag. Leukotr. Essential Fatty Acids 67(2–3):187–191 (2002).
Dewhurst RJ, Moorby JM, Scollan ND, Tweed JKS, Humphreys MO. Effects of a stay-green trait on the concentrations and stability of fatty acids in perennial ryegrass. Grass Forage Sci. 57(4):360–366 (2002).
Evans ME, Brown JM, McIntosh MK. Isomer-specific effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on adiposity and lipid metabolism. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13(9):508–516 (2002).
Fritsche J, de Deckere EAM. Strukturierte Lipide (structured lipids); pp. 1–25. In Praxishandbuch Functional Food (7. Akt.Lfg.). Erbersdobler JH and Meyer AH (eds.). BEHR's Verlag, Hamburg, Germany (2002).
Fukuda S, Ninomiya N, Asanuma N, Hino T. Production of conjugated linoleic acid by intestinal bacteria in dogs and cats. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64(11):987–992 (2002).
Geay Y, Bauchart D, Hocquette JF, Culioli J. Nutritive value and sensorial qualities of ruminant meat. Prod. Anim. 15:37–52 (2002).
Gunstone F. Lipid science and lipid commerce. ARKIVOC pp. 143–148, Part 3 (2002).
Houseknecht KL, Cole BM, Steele PJ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and its ligands: A review. Domestic Anim. Endocrinol. 22(1):1–23 (2002).
Hugenholtz J, Smid EJ. Nutraceutical production with food-grade microorganisms. Current Opinion Biotechnol. 13(5):497–507 (2002).
Martin JC, Valeille K. Conjugated linoleic acids: all the same or to everyone its own function? Reproduction Nutr. Development 42(6):525–536 (2002).
Ntambi JM, Choi Y, Park Y, Peters JM, Pariza MW. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on immune responses, body composition and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 27(6):617–627 (2002).
Park CW, Kim SJ, Park SJ, Kim JH, Kim JK, Park GB, Kim JO, Ha YL. Inclusion complex of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) with cyclodextrins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:2977–2983 (2002).
Parodi PW. Conjugated linoleic acid. [Review.] Food Aust. 54:96–99 (2002).
Prates JAM, Mateus CMRP. Functional foods from animal sources and their physiologically active components. Rev. Med. Vet. 153(3):155–160 (2002).
Stanton C, Coakley M, Murphy JJ, Fitzgerald GF, Devery R, Ross RP. Development of dairy-based functional foods. Sci. Aliment. 22(4):439–447 (2002).
Tang DG, La EH, Kern J, Kehrer JP. Fatty acid oxidation and signaling in apoptosis. (review.) Biol. Chem. 383(3-4):425–442 (2002).
Wahle KWJ, Heys SD. Cell signal mechanisms, conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and anti-tumorigenesis. Prostag. Leukotr. Essential Fatty Acids 67(2-3):183–186 (2002).
Yamasaki M, Yamada K. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on immune function. J. Japan. Soc. Food Sci. Technol. 49(2):130–134 (2002).
Yu LK, Adams D, Gabel M. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers differ in their free radical scavenging properties. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50(14):4135–4140 (2002).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Humans return to top

Calder PC. Conjugated linoleic acid in humans - reasons to be cheerful? Curr. Opinion Clin. Nutr. 5:123–126 (2002).
Chajes V, Lavillonniere F, Ferrari P, Jourdan ML, Pinault M, Maillard V, Sebedio JL, Bougnoux P. Conjugated linoleic acid content in breast adipose tissue is not associated with the relative risk of breast cancer in a population of French patients. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prevention 11(7):672–673 (2002).
Emken EA, Adlof RO, Duval S, Nelson G, Benito P. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on metabolism of isotope-labeled oleic, linoleic, and CLA isomers in women. Lipids 37(8):741–750 (2002).
Fremann D, Linseisen J, Wolfram G. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) intake assessment and possible biomarkers of CLA intake in young women. Public Health Nutr. 5:73–80 (2002).
Gaullier JM, Berven G, Blankson H, Gudmundsen O. Clinical trial results support a preference for using CLA preparations enriched with two isomers rather than four isomers in human studies. Lipids 37(11):1019–1025 (2002).
Kreider RB, Ferreira MP, Greenwood M, Wilson M, Almada AL. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance training on body composition, bone density, strength, and selected hematological markers. J. Strength Conditioning Res. 16(3):325–334 (2002).
Li D, Sinclair AJ. Macronutrient innovations: The role of fats and sterols in human health. Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr. 11:S155-S162 (Suppl. 6) (2002).
Masters N, McGuire MA, Beerman KA, Dasgupta N, McGuire MK. Maternal supplementation with CLA decreases milk fat in humans. Lipids 37:133–138 (2002).
Noone EJ, Roche HM, Nugent AP, Gibney MJ. The effect of dietary supplementation using isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in healthy human subjects. Brit. J. Nutr. 88(3):243–251 (2002).
Riserus U, Arner P, Brismar K, Vessby B. Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic add causes isomerm-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 25(9):1516–1521 (2002).
Riserus U, Basu S, Jovinge S, Fredrikson GN, Arnlov J, Vessby B. Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-dependent oxidative stress and elevated C-reactive protein - A potential link to fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. Circulation 106(15):1925–1929 (2002).
Turpeinen AM, Mutanen M, Aro A, Salminen I, Basu S, Palmquist DL, Griinari JM. Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76(3):504–510 (2002).
Voorrips LE, Brants HAM, Kardinaal AFM, Hiddink GJ, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Intake of conjugated linoleic acid, fat, and other fatty acids in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer: the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Am J. Clin. Nutr. 76(4):873–882 (2002).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Animals: Laboratory Animals, Companion Animals return to top

Akahoshi A, Goto Y, Murao K, Miyazaki T, Yamasaki M, Nonaka M, Yamada K, Sugano M. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fats and cytokine levels of mice. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 66:916–920 (2002).
Alasnier C, Berdeaux O, Chardigny JM, Sebedio JL. Fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of different tissues in rats fed individual conjugated linoleic acid isomers given as triacylglycerols. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13(6):337–345 (2002).
Bouthegourd JC, Even PC, Gripois D, Tiffon B, Blouquit MF, Roseau S, Lutton C, Tome D, Martin JC. A CLA mixture prevents body triglyceride accumulation without affecting energy expenditure in Syrian hamsters. J. Nutr. 132(9):2682–2689 (2002).
Clement L, Poirier H, Niot I, Bocher V, Guerre-Millo M, Krief S, Staels B, Besnard P. Dietary trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver in the mouse. J. Lipid Res. 43(9):1400–1409 (2002).
Ealey KN, El-Sohemy A, Archer MC. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the expression of uncoupling proteins in mice and rats. Lipids 37(9):853–861 (2002).
Futakuchi M, Cheng JL, Hirose M, Kimoto N, Cho YM, Iwata T, Kasai M, Tokudome S, Shirai T. Inhibition of conjugated fatty acids derived from safflower or perilla oil of induction and development of mammary tumors in rats induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Cancer Lett. 178:131–139 (2002).
Hargrave KM, Li CL, Meyer BJ, Kachman SD, Hartzell DL, Della-Fera MA, Miner JL, Baile CA. Adipose depletion and apoptosis induced by trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in mice. Obesity Res. 10(12):1284–1290 (2002).
Hayman A, MacGibbon A, Pack RJ, Rutherfurd K, Green JH. High intake, but not low intake, of CLA impairs weight gain in growing mice. Lipids 37(7):689–692 (2002).
Hirose M, Nishikawa A, Shibutani M, Imai T, Shirai T. Chemoprevention of heterocyclic amine-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:271–278 (2002).
Ip C, Dong Y, Ip MM, Banni S, Carta G, Angioni E, Murru E, Spada S, Melis MP, Saebo A. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and mammary cancer prevention. Nutr. Cancer 43(1):52–58 (2002).
Ishiguro K, Oku H, Suitani A, Yamamoto Y. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on anaphylaxis and allergic pruritus. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25(12):1655–1657 (2002).
Kelley DS, Warren JM, Simon VA, Bartolini G, Mackey BE, Erickson KL. Similar effects of c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA on immune cell functions in mice. Lipids 37(7):725–728 (2002).
Kilian M, Mautsch I, Gregor JI, Stahlknecht P, Jacobi CA, Schimke I, Guski H, Wenger FA. Influence of conjugated vs. conventional linoleic acid on liver metastasis and hepatic lipidperoxidation in BOP-induced pancreatic cancer in Syrian hamster. Prostag. Leukotr. Essential Fatty Acids 67(4):223–228 (2002).
Kim MR, Park Y, Albright KJ, Pariza MW. Differential responses of hamsters and rats fed high-fat or low-fat diets supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid. Nutr. Res. 22:715–722 (2002).
Koba K, Akahoshi A, Yamasaki M, Tanaka K, Yamada K, Iwata T, Kamegai T, Tsutsumi K, Sugano M. Dietary conjugated linolenic acid in relation to CLA differently modifies body fat mass and serum and liver lipid levels in rats. Lipids 37:343–350; 631 (2002).
Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Wright S, Czarnecki SK. Influence of graded levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Nutr. Res. 22(11):1275–1279 (2002).
Loor JJ, Lin XB, Herbein JH. Dietary trans-vaccenic acid (trans11-18 : 1) increases concentration of cis9, trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (rumenic acid) in tissues of lactating mice and suckling pups. Reproduction Nutr. Development 42(2):85–99 (2002).
Masso-Welch PA, Zangani D, Ip C, Vaughan MM, Shoemaker S, Ramirez RA, Ip MM. Inhibition of angiogenesis by the cancer chemopreventive agent conjugated linoleic acid. Cancer Res. 62(15):4383–4389; 62(19):5624–5624 (2002).
McCarthy-Beckett DO. Dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid does not improve nutritional status of tumor-bearing rats. Res. Nursing Health 25(1):49–57 (2002).
McEntee MF, Whelan J. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and colorectal neoplasia. Biomed. Pharmacother. 56(8):380–387 (2002).
O'Connor A, McDonnell S, Devery R, Stanton C. The effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) and its isomers on the proliferation, migration and invasion of a metastatic murine mammary cell line. Brit. J. Cancer 86:S82–S82 Suppl. (2002).
Rahman SM, Huda MN, Uddin MN, Akhteruzzaman S. Short-term administration of conjugated linoleic acid reduces liver triglyceride concentration and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in OLETF rats. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 35(5):494–497 (2002).
Roche HM, Noone E, Sewter C, Mc Bennett S, Savage D, Gibney MJ, O'Rahilly S, Vidal-Puig AJ. Isomer-dependent metabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid - Insights from molecular markers sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and LXR alpha. Diabetes 51(7):2037–2044 (2002).
Sakono M, Yuji K, Miyanaga F, Tamaru S, Fujita M, Fukuda N, Tsutsumi K, Iwata T, Kasai M, Sugano M. Combined effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and sesamin on triacylglycerol and ketone body production in rat liver. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 48(5):405–409 (2002).
Takahashi Y, Kushiro M, Shinohara K, Ide T. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass and affects gene expression of proteins regulating energy metabolism in mice. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 133(3):395–404 (2002).
Terpstra AHM, Beynen AC, Everts H, Kocsis S, Katan MB, Zock PL. The decrease in body fat in mice fed conjugated linoleic acid is due to increases in energy expenditure and energy loss in the excreta. J. Nutr. 132:940–945 (2002).
Whelan J, Petrik MBH, McEntee MF, Obukowicz MG. Dietary EPA reduces tumor load ApcMin/+ mice by altering a rachidonicacid metabolism, but conjugated linoleic acid, gamma- and alpha-linolenic acids have no effect. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 507:579–584 (2002).
Whigham LD, Higbee A, Bjorling DE, Park YH, Pariza MW, Cook ME. Decreased antigen-induced eicosanoid release in conjugated linoleic acid-fed guinea pigs. Am. J. Physiol.–Regul. Integrative Comp. Physiol. 282(4):R1104–R1112 (2002).
Yamasaki M, Ikeda A, Hirao A, Tanaka Y, Rikimaru T, Shimada M, Sugimachi K, Tachibana H, Yamada K. Dose-dependent effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the growth of rat hepatoma dRLh-84 cells in vivo. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 48(6):505–511 (2002).
Yang HY, Glickman BW, de Boer JG. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on the formation of spontaneous and PhIP-induced mutation in the colon and cecum of rats. Mutat. Res.— Fund. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 500(1-2):157–168 (2002).
Yang HY, Glickman BW, de Boer JG. Sex-specific induction of mutations by PhIP in the kidney of male and female rats and its modulation by conjugated linoleic acid. Environ. Molec. Mutagen. 40(2):116–121 (2002).
Yang L, Yeung SYV, Huang Y, Wang HQ, Chen ZY. Preferential incorporation of trans, trans-conjugated linoleic acid isomers into the liver of suckling rats. Brit. J. Nutr. 87:253–260 (2002).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Animals: Food/Farm Animals return to top

Aletor VA, Roth FX, Paulicks BR, Roth-Maier DA. Growth, body-fat deposition, nitrogen excretion and efficiencies of nutrients utilization in broiler-chicks fed low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids, conjugated linoleic acid or an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Arch. Geflugelkunde 66(1):21–30 (2002).
Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R, Zimmerman DR, Wannemuehler MJ. Long-term influence of lipid nutrition on the induction of CD8(+) responses to viral or bacterial antigens. Vaccine 20:1435–1444 (2002).
Baumgard LH, Corl BA, Dwyer DA, Bauman DE. Effects of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on tissue response to homeostatic signals and plasma variables associated with lipid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1285–1293 (2002).
Baumgard LH, Matitashvili E, Corl BA, Dwyer DA, Bauman DE. trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid decreases lipogenic rates and expression of genes involved in milk lipid synthesis in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(9):2155–2163 (2002).
Cherian G, Goeger MP, Ahn DU. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid with fish oil alters yolk n-3 and trans fatty acid content and volatile compounds in raw, cooked, and irradiated eggs. Poultry Sci. 81(10):1571–1577 (2002).
Cherian G, Holsonbake TB, Goeger MP, Bildfell R. Dietary CLA alters yolk and tissue FA composition and hepatic histopathology of laying hens. Lipids 37(8):751–757 (2002).
Corino C, Bontempo V, Sciannimanico D. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on some aspecific immune parameters and acute phase protein in weaned piglets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82:115–117 (2002).
Corino C, Mourot J, Magni S, Pastorelli G, Rosi F. Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on growth, meat quality, lipogenesis, plasma leptin and physiological variables of lipid metabolism in rabbits. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1020–1028 (2002).
Demaree SR, Gilbert CD, Mersmann HJ, Smith SB. Conjugated linoleic acid differentially modifies fatty acid composition in subcellular fractions of muscle and adipose tissue but not adiposity of postweanling pigs. J. Nutr. 132(11):3272–3279 (2002).
D'Souza DN, Mullan BP. The effect of genotype, sex and management strategy on the eating quality of pork. Meat Sci. 60:95–101 (2002).
Du M, Ahn DU. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the growth rate of live birds and on the abdominal fat content and quality of broiler meat. Poultry Sci. 81:428–433 (2002).
Du M, Ahn DU, Mendonca AF, Wesley IV. Quality characteristics of irradiated ready-to-eat breast rolls from turkeys fed conjugated linoleic acid. Poultry Sci. 81(9):1378–1384 (2002).
Du M, Nam KC, Hur SJ, Ismail H, Ahn DU. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid, irradiation, and packaging conditions on the quality characteristics of raw broiler breast fillets. Meat Sci. 60:9–15 (2002).
Dugan MER, Rolland DC, Best DR, Meadus WJ. The effects of feeding conjugated linoleic acid on pig liver vitamin A and retinol binding protein mRNA. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82(3):461–463 (2002).
Dunshea FR, Ostrowska E, Luxford B, Smits RJ, Campbell RG, D'Souza DN, Mullan BP. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid can decrease backfat in pigs housed under commercial conditions. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 15(7):1011–1017 (2002).
Gatlin LA, See MT, Larick DK, Lin X, Odle J. Conjugated linoleic acid in combination with supplemental dietary fat alters pork fat quality. J. Nutr. 132(10):3105–3112 (2002).
Giesy JG, McGuire MA, Shafii B, Hanson TW. Effect of dose of calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on percentage and fatty acid content of milk fat in midlactation Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(8):2023–2029 (2002).
Glaser KR, Wenk C, Scheeder MRL. Effects of feeding pigs increasing levels of C 18 : 1 trans fatty acids on fatty acid composition of backfat and intramuscular fat as well as backfat firmness. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 56(2):117–130 (2002).
Hontecillas R, Wannemeulher MJ, Zimmerman DR, Hutto DL, Wilson JH, Ahn DU, Bassaganya-Riera J. Nutritional regulation of porcine bacterial-induced colitis by conjugated linoleic acid. J. Nutr. 132(7):2019–2027 (2002).
Joo ST, Lee JI, Ha YL, Park GB. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, color, and water-holding capacity of pork loin. J. Anim. Sci. 80:108–112 (2002).
Koba K, Akahoshi A, Yamasaki M, Tanaka K, Yamada K, Iwata T, Kamegai T, Tsutsumi K, Sugano M. Dietary conjugated linolenic acid in relation to CLA differently modifies body fat mass and serum and liver lipid levels in rats. Lipids 37:343–350; 631 (2002).
Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Wright S, Czarnecki SK. Influence of graded levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Nutr. Res. 22(11):1275–1279 (2002).
Meadus WJ, MacInnis R, Dugan MER. Prolonged dietary treatment with conjugated linoleic acid stimulates porcine muscle peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and glutamine-fructose aminotransferase gene expression in vivo. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 28(2):79–86 (2002).
Ostrowska E, Cross RF, Muralitharan M, Bauman DE, Dunshea FR. Effects of dietary fat and conjugated linoleic acid on plasma metabolite concentrations and metabolic responses to homeostatic signals in pigs. Brit. J. Nutr. 88(6):625–634 (2002).
Perfield JW, Bernal-Santos G, Overton TR, Bauman DE. Effects of dietary supplementation of rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows during established lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 85(10):2609–2617 (2002).
Peterson DG, Baumgard LH, Bauman DE. Short communication: Milk fat response to low doses of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). J. Dairy Sci. 85(7):1764–1766 (2002).
Pietras M, Barowicz T, Pieszka M. The effect of feeding sows conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in late pregnancy on blood thyroid hormone and cholesterol levels in piglets. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 11(4):651–659 (2002).
Precht D, Hagemeister H, Kanitz W, Voigt J. Milk fat depression and the role of trans and CLA fatty acid isomers by feeding a high fiber diet with calcium soaps of fatty acids in early lactating dairy cows. Milchwissenschaft 57(9–10):518–522 (2002).
Raes K, Huyghebaert G, De Smet S, Nollet L, Arnouts S, Demeyer D. The deposition of conjugated linoleic acids in eggs of laying hens fed diets varying in fat level and fatty acid profile. J. Nutr. 132:182–189 (2002).
Smith SB, Hively TS, Cortese GM, Han JJ, Chung KY, Castenada P, Gilbert CD, Adams VL, Mersmann HJ. Conjugated linoleic acid depresses the Delta 9 desaturase index and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase enzyme activity in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue. J. Anim. Sci. 80(8):2110–2115 (2002).
Takahashi K, Kawamata K, Akiba Y, Iwata T, Kasai M. Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers on early inflammatory responses in male broiler chickens. Brit. Poultry Sci. 43:47–53 (2002).
Tischendorf F, Mockel P, Schone F, Plonne M, Jahreis G. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acids on the distribution of fatty acids in serum lipoprotein fractions and different tissues of growing pigs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 86(9–10):313–325 (2002).
Tischendorf F, Schone F, Kirchheim U, Jahreis G. Influence of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture on growth, organ weights, carcass traits and meat quality in growing pigs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 86(3–4):117–128 (2002).
Waylan AT, O'Quinn PR, Unruh JA, Nelssen JL, Goodband RD, Woodworth JC, Tokach MD, Koo SI. Effects of modified tall oil and vitamin E on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1575–1585 (2002).
Wiegand BR, Sparks JC, Parrish FC, Zimmerman DR. Duration of feeding conjugated linoleic acid influences growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of finishing barrows. J. Anim. Sci. 80:637–643 (2002).
Yang L, Huang Y, James AE, Lam LW, Chen ZY. Differential incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid isomers into egg yolk lipids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50(17):4941–4946 (2002).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Cell Cultures / In Vitro Studies return to top

Belury MA, Moya-Camarena SY, Lu M, Shi LL, Leesnitzer LM, Blanchard SG. Conjugated linoleic acid is an activator and ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma). Nutr. Res. 22(7):817–824 (2002).
Black IL, Roche HM, Gibney MJ. Chronic but not acute treatment with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA) affects lipid metabolism in Caco-2 cells. J. Nutr. 132(8):2167–2173 (2002).
Choi Y, Park Y, Storkson JM, Pariza MW, Ntambi JM. Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity by the cis-9,trans-11 isomer and the trans-10,cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294(4):785–790 (2002).
Chung S, Park S, Yang CH. Unsaturated fatty acids bind Myc-Max transcription factor and inhibit Myc-Max-DNA complex formation. Cancer Lett. 188(1–2):153–162 (2002).
Demizieux L, Degrace P, Gresti J, Loreau O, Noel JP, Chardigny JM, Sebedio JL, Clouet P. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers in mitochondria: evidence for an alteration of fatty acid oxidation. J. Lipid Res. 43(12):2112–2122 (2002).
Ding ST, McNeel RL, Mersmann HJ. Modulation of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 by selected polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Vitro Cell Developmental Biol. Anim. 38(6):352–357 (2002).
Eder K, Slomma N, Becker K. Trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid suppresses the desaturation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in HepG2 cells. J. Nutr. 132:1115–1121 (2002).
Evans M, Lin X, Odle J, McIntosh M Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid increases fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J. Nutr. 132:450–455 (2002).
Iwakiri Y, Sampson DA, Allen KGD. Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by conjugated linoleic acid in murine macrophages. Prostag. Leukotr. Essential Fatty Acids 67(6):435–443 (2002).
Kim EJ, Holthuizen PE, Park HS, Ha YL, Jung KC, Park JHY. Trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid inhibits Caco-2 colon cancer cell growth. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol. 283(2):G357–G367 (2002).
Kim EJ, Jun JG, Park HS, Kim SM, Ha YL, Park JHY. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits growth of Caco-2 colon cancer cells: Possible mediation by oleamide. Anticancer Res. 22(4):2193–2197 (2002).
Liu LR, Chen BQ, Yang YM, Wang XL, Xue YB, Zheng YM, Liu RH. Effect of apoptosis on gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7901 induced by cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid. World J. Gastroenterol. 8(6):999–1004 (2002).
Liu JR, Li BX, Chen BQ, Han XH, Xue YB, Yang YM, Zheng YM, Liu RH. Effect of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid on cell cycle of gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (SGC-7901). World J. Gastroenterol. 8(2):224–229 (2002).
Ma DWL, Field CJ, Clandinin MT. An enriched mixture of trans-10,cis-12-CLA inhibits linoleic acid metabolism and PGE(2) synthesis in NWA-MB-231 cells. Nutr. Cancer 44(2):202–212 (2002).
Majumder B, Wahle KWJ, Moir S, Schofield A, Choe SN, Farquharson A, Grant I, Heys SD. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) regulate the expression of key apoptotic genes in human breast cancer cells. FASEB J. 16(9):U85–U105 (2002).
Miller A, Stanton C, Devery R. Cis 9, trans 11- and trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid isomers induce apoptosis in cultured SW480 cells. Anticancer Res. 22:3879–3888 (2002).
Miller A, Stanton C, Murphy J, Devery R. Conjugated linoleic acid enriched milkfats inhibit growth and modulate prostaglandin production in the MCF-7 human cancer cell line. Brit. J. Cancer 86:S84–S85 Suppl. (2002).
Palombo JD, Ganguly A, Bistrian BR, Menard MP. The antiproliferative effects of biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid on human colorectal and prostatic cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 177:163–172 (2002).
Park JHY, Kim EJ, Jin HY, Jun JG. Isolation and identification of oleamide as a growth inhibitory compound from the medium conditioned by colon cancer cells treated with conjugated linoleic acid. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 23(10):1373–1374 (2002).
Rodriguez E, Ribot J, Palou A. trans-10, cis-12, but not cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer, inhibits brown adipocyte thermogenic capacity. Am. J. Physiol. Reg. I 282:R1789–R1797 (2002).
Urquhart P, Parkin SM, Rogers JS, Bosley JA, Nicolaou A. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on arachidonic acid metabolism and eicosanoid production in human saphenous vein endothelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1580:150–160 (2002).
Yamasaki M, Chujo H, Koga Y, Oishi A, Rikimaru T, Shimada M, Sugimachi K, Tachibana H, Yamada K. Potent cytotoxic effect of the trans10, cis12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid on rat hepatoma dRLh-84 cells. Cancer Lett. 188(1–2):171–180 (2002).
Yu Y, Correll PH, Vanden Heuvel JP. Conjugated linoleic acid decreases production of pro-inflammatory products in macrophages: evidence for a PPAR gamma-dependent mechanism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 1581(3):89–99 (2002).

Synthesis: In vitro, Microbial, and Plant return to top

Berdeaux O, Gnadig S, Chardigny JM, Loreau O, Noel JP, Sebedio JL. In vitro desaturation and elongation of rumenic acid by rat liver microsomes. Lipids 37(11):1039–1045 (2002).
Bernas A, Kumar N, Maki-Arvela P, Laine E, Holmbom B, Salmi T, Murzin DY. Conjugation of linoleic acid over a hydrogen pre-activated heterogeneous catalyst. Chem. Commun. (10):1142-1143 2002
Bernas A, Laukkanen P, Kumar N, Maki-Arvela P, Vayrynen J, Laine E, Holmbom B, Salmi T, Murzin DY. A new heterogeneously catalytic pathway for isomerization of linoleic acid over Ru/C and Ni/H-MCM-41 catalysts. J. Catalysis 210(2):354–366 (2002).
Destaillats F, Angers P. Evidence for [1,5] sigmatropic rearrangements of CLA in heated oils. Lipids 37:435–438 (2002).
Ham JS, In YM, Jeong SG, Kim JG, Lee EH, Kim HS, Yoon SK, Lee BH. Screening of conjugated linoleic acid producing lactic acid bacteria from fecal samples of healthy babies. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 15(7):1031–1035 (2002).
Hamalainen TI, Sundberg S, Hase T, Hopia A. Stereochemistry of the hydroperoxides formed during autoxidation of CLA methyl ester in the presence of alpha-tocopherol. Lipids 37(6):533–540 (2002).
Jung MO, Ju JW, Choi DS, Yoon SH, Jung MY. CLA formation in oils during hydrogenation process as affected by catalyst types, catalyst contents, hydrogen pressure, and oil species. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 79:501–510 (2002).
Kim YJ, Liu RH, Rychlik JL, Russell JB. The enrichment of a ruminal bacterium (Megasphaera elsdenii YJ-4) that produces the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid. J. Appl. Microbiol. 92:976–982 (2002).
Kishino S, Ogawa J, Ando A, Omura Y, Shimizu S. Ricinoleic acid and castor oil as substrates for conjugated linoleic acid production by washed cells of Lactobacillus plantarum. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66(10):2283–2286 (2002).
Kishino S, Ogawa J, Omura Y, Matsumura K, Shimizu S. Conjugated linoleic acid production from linoleic acid by lactic acid bacteria. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 79:159–163 (2002).
Lin TY, Lin CW, Wang YJ. Linoleic acid isomerase activity in enzyme extracts from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp shermanii. J. Food Sci. 67(4):1502–1505 (2002).
Martin SA, Jenkins TC. Factors affecting conjugated linoleic acid and trans-C-18 : 1 fatty acid production by mixed ruminal bacteria. J. Anim. Sci. 80(12):3347–3352 (2002).
Mosley EE, Powell GL, Riley MB, Jenkins TC. Microbial biohydrogenation of oleic acid to trans isomers in vitro. J. Lipid Res. 43:290–296 (2002).
Peng LF, Xu XB, Mu HL, Hoy CE, Adler-Nissen J. Production of structured phospholipids by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis: optimization using response surface methodology. Enzyme Microbial Technol. 31(4): 523–532 (2002).
Rainio A, Vahvaselka M, Laakso S. Cell-adhered conjugated linoleic acid regulates isomerization of linoleic acid by resting cells of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 60(4):481–484 (2002).
Rainio A, Vahvaselka M, Suomalainen T, Laakso S. Production of conjugated linoleic acid by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp shermanii. Lait 82(1):91–101 (2002).
Torres CF, Barrios E, Hill CG. Lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of menhaden oil with CLA: Optimization by factorial design. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 79:457–466 (2002).
Torres CF, Hill CG. Lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of menhaden oil with conjugated linoleic acid: Effect of water content. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 78:509–516 (2002).
Torres CF, Munir F, Lessard LP, Hill CG. Lipase-mediated acidolysis of tristearin with CLA in a packed-bed reactor: A kinetic study. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 79:(7):655–661 (2002).
Wang JH, Song MK, Son YS, Chang MB. Effect of concentrate level on the formation of conjugated linoleic acid and trans-octadecenoic acid by ruminal bacteria when incubated with oilseeds in vitro. Asian-Austral. J. Anim. Sci. 15(5):687–694 (2002).
Wang JH, Song MK, Son YS, Chang MB. Addition effect of seed-associated or free linseed oil on the formation of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid and octadecenoic acid by ruminal bacteria in vitro. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 15(8):1115–1120 (2002).
Watanabe Y, Shimada Y, Yamauchi-Sato Y, Kasai M, Yamamoto T, Tsutsumi K, Tominaga Y, Sugihara A. Synthesis of MAG of CLA with Penicillium camembertii lipase. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 79(9):891–896 (2002).
Yang L, Huang Y, Wang HQ, Chen ZY. Production of conjugated linoleic acids through KOH-catalyzed dehydration of ricinoleic acid. Chem. Physics Lipids 119(1–2):23–31 (2002).

| go back to top | FRI home page |